What makes a good résumé? I’ve written this simple eight-minute guide to walk you through the steps. It’ll take you eight minutes to read, probably an hour or two to do, and provide years of benefit in reducing your résumé anxiety.
My recommendations below are for a professional with 10-25 years experience.
For those with fewer than 10 years, you’re likely better off with a one-page résumé, for those with more than 25 years and at very senior levels, three may sometimes be appropriate.
(But seriously, if that’s you, you shouldn’t be relying on your own typing skills to market yourself.)
As with any “do-it-yourself” project, the key to success is to not get in over your head. So the instructions below are a simplified version of my best advice, tailored to be achievable on your own. If you’ve got the commitment, moxie, and willpower for “do it yourself,” here goes!
Résumé goal
First, the goal of your résumé is to get you an interview for the job. You may believe your résumé has other purposes:
- To showcase your every achievement
- To justify why you’re changing jobs
- To explain why you’ve left so many, or so few, jobs in your career
- To mention when you received promotions, awards, or recognition
- To describe the size of organization or team or budget you had responsibility for
- To land you a job offer without an interview
Trust me, none of those are the goals of your résumé. Actually, don’t trust me. Read our research on how long recruiters spend on your résumé. The answer is six seconds for the first pass.
The goal of your résumé is to get you the interview.
You get the interview by persuading three layers of HR people that time spent with you will be worth more than time spent with another candidate. I’ll describe below who these three layers are — screeners, recruiters, and hiring managers.
You’ll persuade those reviewers by providing quantifiably proven results that you can do the job very well.
Résumé length and structure
Your résumé will be two pages total. (Again, if you have less than 10 years’ experience: one page only.)
Your résumé will be composed of a professional summary and a chronological detail of your professional success. You should have your contact information at the head of the résumé, and your educational background at the bottom of the résumé.
Marc Cenedella
Professional summary
Your professional summary is a separated list of two or three lines that summarizes your professional ambitions, background, and talents. You’ll include 12-15 phrases of two or three words each in this section. On your résumé, you should begin this section with the three or four job titles you want most, and then intersperse the skills and successes …
Job titles
List 3-5 job titles of jobs you would actually accept as your next job. By clearly identifying the title you want next, recruiters and HR people begin seeing you in that role, and that helps give context to a diverse work history.
It does not matter that you have never actually had this job title in the past, but it is important that it is a plausible next step in your professional career. A job search that includes both small and large companies will have a broader range of job titles than one specifically focusing on, say, the Fortune 500.
Examples: VP, Marketing • Director, Marketing • Brand Marketing Leader • CMO
Professional competencies
List four to six core competencies that you possess that are important to your success in the jobs outlined above. They should be skills you currently possess and should be “level appropriate,” i.e., don’t list competencies that are obvious or would be assumed for your level. If you’re applying for C-suite jobs, listing “time management” or “presentation skills” would be far too junior to mention in your summary.
Examples: Agile Development • Software Architecture • Engineer Recruiting • Technology Innovation
Descriptions of your past success
List three to six phrases that describe your demonstrated past success. Any type of achievements or attributes for which you have received recognition are appropriate.
Examples: President’s Club • Top-producing Saleswoman • Exceeds Quota • Consultative Selling Expert
Chronological detail of your professional success
In this section you will provide a chronological detail of your professional success, starting with your most recent job. Notice the word choices here, please. We are detailing your success. We are not listing your past job titles or duties. We are not describing your staff composition or budget size or administrative systems used.
Again, your résumé is a marketing document and needs to persuade your reviewers that time spent with you will be worthwhile, so we are going to detail your success.
You’ll have about 30-40 bullet points across all your current and past positions, and each of these will be a marketing bullet point that will make one persuasive argument on your behalf.
After you list company name, employment dates, and your title for each role, the bullet points will be distributed as follows:
- Your most recent, most important job gets eight bullet points.
- Your next job also gets eight bullet points.
- Your next two jobs get four bullet points each.
- Everything else — all of your past jobs together, even if they were your favorite, most nostalgic, most enjoyable times in your life — get just ten bullet points total. Nobody is hiring you today for the job you had a decade ago.
It’s important to note that this distribution is across each job or title, not company. So if you’ve been at the same shop for 20 years, you should be splitting up your 30 bullet points across the different job levels and titles you’ve had.
The basic structure of a marketing bullet point is a success verb and a number.
Every bullet point in your success résumé must include a number expressed in dollars, percentages, or a simple, “plain old,” straight-up number.
Importantly, every bullet point in your résumé must include a success verb. These are verbs that show success — something got better. So verbs such as increased, decreased, improved, reduced, etc., are what we are looking for. Explicitly forbidden are static verbs — “managed,” “my responsibilities included,” “I was hired to …,” etc. Verbs that merely describe a fact of the matter rather than show you in a heroic light.
Rather than leave you wondering what success verbs might be, I’ll give you a precise list of 24 verbs you can use on your résumé. The simplest way to do your résumé right is to use these, and only these, verbs.
This seems boring, but it really doesn’t matter. Unless you are applying to be a thesaurus writer, nobody cares how clever your success verbs are. The millions of hours lost each year to professionals like you looking up synonyms for “improved” is a complete waste of time — none of the three layers of reviewers are grading you for verbal facility.
List of success verbs
Achieved
Added
Awarded
Changed
Contributed
Decreased
Delivered
Eliminated
Exceeded
Expanded
Gained
Generated
Grew
Improved
Increased
Introduced
Maximized
Minimized
Optimized
Produced
Reduced
Saved
Sold
So your typical 8-bullet point job achievements on your 8-minute résumé will read like this:
- Increased x by %
- Decreased x by %
- Improved x by $
- Reduced x by $
- Introduced new x that led to # more …
- Eliminated old x that led to # less …
- Successfully added # new x …
- Achieved the removal of # new x …
“X” can be profits, costs, clients, vendors, products, practice areas, strategies, risk, volatility, etc.
And, of course, it’s important to have a number, dollar, or percentage increase / decrease mentioned in each bullet point. You’ll be surprised at how many you can write using this template, and how this process jogs your memory for all the great stuff you’ve done …
- Increased new customer visits by 17% without increasing ad budget.
- Decreased AWS bill by 42% through improved architecture (vs. 19% industry average).
- Improved revenue per SaaS client by $ 4,250 through consultative sales training.
- Reduced cost-per-hire by $ 7,010 through employee referral program.
- Introduced 2 new products that led to 2,500,000 increase in MAUs.
- Eliminated old systems that led to a 75 FTE reduction in offshore headcount.
- Successfully added 3 productive warehouses to our nationwide network.
- Achieved the removal of 5,000 external firm billable hours per year by reorganizing internal staffing.
But, you might say, I brought amazing non-quantified value to the organization! I introduced Agile Development, led a huge bond offering, brought innovative logistics strategies to bear, or reorganized our selling methodology.
Yes. I agree those are impressive and important achievements.
But they are only impressive and important to the extent they are quantifiable. New methodologies, exhibiting leadership, or bringing innovation to a company are interesting to your bosses’ bosses only to the extent they improve, quantifiably, the outcome of the company — more users, more revenue, faster turnaround, higher client satisfaction.
Ideally, every bullet point has a number. I’d strongly prefer if you had 100% of your bullets “quantified.” During the past year, I’ve seen a lot of members struggle with this advice, so let’s say this about numbers in bullet points:
- 100% is ideal
- 66% is pretty good
- 50% of your bullets quantified is minimum
Most everybody is able to achieve at least half of their bullet points mentioning a number or a percentage or a dollar sign, so I’m pretty confident you can get there.
Overall, the above outline is remarkably simple because the job search process, despite all the anxiety and confusion, is remarkably simple. You want to do work similar to the work you’ve done before but at a new place and a new level. To do so, you need to explain to new people what can give them confidence that you will be able to contribute to the new team. The easiest way to do that is to share numerical data that show you have contributed in the past and can, therefore, contribute in the future.
Your audience
Your résumé is a marketing document that needs to get past three people to get you your interview:
A junior résumé screener who is comparing your résumé to a list of skills, titles, or companies that he or she is given by the recruiter. Overly clever résumés or cutesy positioning can really kill you with this person, because they don’t understand the nod and the wink that comes with writing “Chief Bottle Washer” when you really mean “Co-Founder.” For these reviewers, the choice of phrases in the professional summary is especially important.
A recruiter, whether internal or external, who, on average, will give your résumé six seconds first screening. And then, later, another 2-3 minutes to make sure you’re worth presenting to the client or hiring manager. By giving them easy-to-digest numbers they can share with the client or hiring manager, you make it much easier to present you, rather than a different candidate, for the interview.
The hiring manager who will be interested in finding out “what can this person do for me and my team in the next year or two.” This person will review your résumé in more detail. She will be looking for indications that you have previously solved the types of problems this job will have to deal with.
Your goal is to quantifiably prove that you can. Numbers are the most persuasive friends you have in this situation. Every bullet point spent on describing historical circumstances, promotions, or scope of responsibilities is wasted and lost on a hiring manager. They already know what the role does … they need to know if you’ll be any good at it!
Over 1 million people have used our free, powerful Résumé Reviewer, and 91% say they found it useful. Our reviewer is based on our 15 years experience of reviewing, writing, and perfecting professionals’ résumés, and we’ve collected even more good feedback and insights in the past year.
So after you get your résumé reviewed by our free tool in 35 seconds or less, you can build your résumé with our free builder, and you’ll be on your way to having a powerful new résumé with this 8-minute résumé guide!
NOW WATCH: Here’s what those white marks on your nails say about your health
