Have you ever noticed the most effective and efficient human creations are modeled from nature? From buildings designed like termite mounds to self-healing buildings developed using bacteria in the concrete; biomimicry is phenomenal approach to solve problems in a sustainable way.
Biomimicry (also known as Biomimetics) was coined by Otto Schmidt in the 1950s and describes the transfer of ideas and analogues from biology to technology. [1] It is the imitation of models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. Biomimetics and biomimicry derive from Ancient Greece: bios (life) and mimesis (mimetics) is imitation or to imitate.
Using nature to solve problems
Nature has already solved our problems for us. It is up to us to discover how. Nature is a fascinating source of inspiration. It demonstrates how every organism is unique and how it is able to adapt to its own environment. [2]
“Nature is imaginative by necessity and has already solved many of the problems we are grappling with today.” – Janine Benyus
Nature is able to respond to its own needs and find solutions that work. In doing so, nature evolves and lasts through countless generations. Furthermore, biomimicry can be applied to completely transform the way we operate, conduct business, and even communicate. Let’s take a look at how biomimicry can be applied on three levels: [3]
- The natural form of organisms are used for inspiration. For example, mimicking the structure of a seashell leading to stronger buildings.
- Natural process leading to more sustainable materials. For example, mimicking chemical processes such as photosynthesis.
- The ecosystem. For example, mimicking the functional principles of an ecosystem.
Run an organization like a redwood forest
Jay Harman writes in his book The Shark’s Paintbrush, that a business should be run like a redwood forest. Harman informs us that a mature forest is a fully self-sustaining producer of diversity and abundance. He says that,
“Many businesses function more like an invasive weed, where their strategy is to spread rapidly into an area, lay down shallow roots, and use more than their share of local resources.”
Essentially, we overwhelm and destroy our habitat. In her book Biomimicry, Janine Benyus outlines how we should run our company like that of a redwood forest. In the image below, I have outlined her thought process for running an organization like a redwood forest.
Benyus describes ten key ways to operate like a forest in order to create conditions conducive to further life.
- Use waste as a resource.
- Diversify and cooperate with other species to fully use the habitat.
- Gather and use energy efficiently.
- Optimize rather than maximize.
- Use materials sparingly.
- Don’t foul your nest.
- Draw up instead of down on resources.
- Remain in balance with the biosphere.
- Run on information.
- Shop locally.
Examples of biomimicry
Let’s take a brief look at some examples of biomimicry in action.
Gecko tape
The bullet train
Cement like corals
Passive cooling in buildings
Self-healing buildings
Harvesting fresh Water
A paradigm shift in how we think
Biomimicry offers us a unique way to see and solve problems. For example, by examining a forest, we find that a forest is actively communicating.
“Biomimicry is basically taking a design challenge and then finding an ecosystem that’s already solved that challenge, and literally trying to emulate what you learn.” – Janine Benyus
Similar to how the internet operates, fungal connectivity is taking place between plants. Yet, like the internet, it is also susceptible to cyber-crime, terrorism, and even warfare. [4]
So, why not examine cyber-crime by examining the threats of fungal connectivity? How could we do this? By using biomimicry as a problem-solving methodology. Let’s take a look at how this could be accomplished.
Biological strategies and inspired ideas
AskNature.org is a powerful and free resource to use to explore biomimicry. It offers a way to find biological strategies, inspiring ideas, and resources to problems using nature.
For example, let’s say we want to find solutions to cyber security. By simply typing “cyber security” we are presented with unique strategies using nature to solve the problem (see image below). One such strategy is to look at how glands in Sea Hares secrete two compounds protecting the organism from predators by reacting together to create an unpalatable mixture of hydrogen peroxide and organic chemicals. Let’s take a quick look at how this could work with cyber security.
Step #1: Clearly define the challenge we are trying to solve
Improve cyber security vulnerabilities.
Step #2: Search for biological analogies and/or metaphors
Step #3: Determine whether the problem is related to form, function, or ecosystem
Form follows function (hence, form always comes before function). Think of form as the design of a building, where function is how we use the building.
Step #4: Ask what plant, Animal, or Natural Process solves a similar problem most effectively
Using AskNature.org I was able to find the following potential solution: Sea Hare or Sea Snail.
Step #5: Map-out the biological model
Step #6: Design a solution
Using an abstract len, we could potentially use the sticky ink secretion of a Sea Hare as a cyber security protection concept that sticks to dangerous cyber intrusion and completely prevents it from infecting the network/system/device.
When we look to nature for solutions to contemporary problems, we find that biomimicry provides us a fascinating and unique way to truly improve everything around us. It offers us an opportunity to redesign everything in existence. In essence, biomimicry brings about answers because it forces us to ask the right questions.
Reference
| [1] | ^ | Julian Vincent, Olga Bogatyreva, Nikolaj Bogatyrev, Adrian Bowyer, Anja-Karina Pahl: Biomimetics its practice and theory |
| [2] | ^ | Rasha Mahmoud Ali El-Zeiny: Biomimicry as a Problem Solving Methodology in Interior Architecture |
| [3] | ^ | SlideShare: Biomimicry Civil Engineering Applications |
| [4] | ^ | Timewheel.net: Plants communicate using an internet of fungus |
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